On September 30, 2022, Region 2 signed an Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order on Consent (Settlement Agreement) directing eight Respondents to conduct a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) for the Helen Kramer Landfill Superfund Site , located in Mantua Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey. In 1993, EPA completed construction of the remedy selected in EPA?s 1985 Record of Decision and then turned over responsibility for operation and maintenance of the remedy to the State of New Jersey. In 1998, the Respondents (or their predecessors), among other defendants, entered into a consent decree with the United States (Federal Consent Decree) in which they agreed to make a payment of $95 million to EPA/Department of Justice for past and future response costs, and to conduct studies and investigations requested by EPA in support of EPA?s five-year reviews. On January 19, 2022, EPA notified the Respondents that sampling data collected during operation and maintenance of the remedy, performed by the Respondents under a separate settlement with New Jersey, showed that hazardous substances in groundwater and leachate were escaping the slurry wall constructed for the remedy and that such conditions and data constitute conditions at the Site, previously unknown to EPA and information, previously unknown to EPA for purposes of the Federal Consent Decree?s reopener provision, and that based on such conditions and/or information EPA determined that the Remedial Actio