This case concerns the sale and install of automotive parts and components that render inoperative emission control systems on EPA-certified motor vehicle and motor vehicle engines ( defeat devices ) in 17 instances between January 1, 2017, to July 15, 2020. The EPA has determined that these acts are in violation of CAA Section 203(a)(3)(B), 42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(3)(B), and the implementing regulations found at 40 C.F.R. 1068.101(b)(2). These products include: (i) engine control module reprogrammers (also known as tuners) that disable emission control systems and/or Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) on EPA-certified motor vehicles; (ii) Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) deletion kits or components used for the removal or bypass of EGR systems; and (iii) exhaust emission control delete pipes to remove or bypass the catalytic converter, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) or Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems.