Exploring the Effectiveness of Housing Policy as a Structural Intervention to Reduce Community Violence: An Evaluation of Choice Neighborhoods and Source of Income Anti-Discrimination Laws Project Summary/Abstract The objective of the proposed study is to evaluate housing policy as a modifiable structural driver of community violence and violence disparities among youth and young adults. We propose to evaluate two distinct housing policies, each representing a different approach to addressing segregation and/or concentrated disadvantage. We hypothesize that these policies will have downstream preventive effects on youth community violence via their ameliorative effects on segregation and/or concentrated disadvantage, which are known causes of violence. This proposal is responsive to Objective Three of the RFA: effectiveness research to evaluate approaches that improve the social or structural conditions that contribute to community violence and racial and ethnic inequities in risk for community violence. It also addresses the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control’s research priority of youth violence. We will evaluate two policies: 1) the US Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Choice Neighborhoods program, which provides neighborhood revitalization grants to neighborhoods subject to historical disinvestment and with distressed public housing, and 2) source-of-income (SOI) anti-discrimination laws, which prevent landlords from discriminating against potential tenants that receive rental assistance via the Housing Choice Voucher program (formerly called Section 8). We will accomplish our study objective through the completion of the following specific aims: 1) to evaluate the effectiveness of Choice Neighborhoods and SOI anti-discrimination laws at reducing community violence among youth and young adults; 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of Choice Neighborhoods and SOI anti-discrimination laws at reducing racial and ethnic disparities in community violence among youth and young adults; and 3) to identify and quantify mediators of the relationship between Choice Neighborhoods and SOI anti-discrimination laws and community violence among youth and young adults. The Choice Neighborhoods evaluation will use a quasi-experimental design, staggered difference-in-differences, to estimate the average treatment effect associated with receiving a revitalization grant compared to not receiving a grant (among grant applicants). The SOI anti-discrimination law evaluation will be a serial cross-sectional study of approximately 80 cities using generalized estimating equations to estimate the association between having these laws and youth community violence (and disparities therein). Youth community violence will be measured as fatal and nonfatal assaultive injuries among people aged 10-34 years, measured with comprehensive hospitalization and vital statistics data. Sophisticated causal inference methods, including causal mediation analyses, ...