This research will develop behavioral and dynamic models of economic well-being among older Americans that, for the first time, incorporate labor force participation, employment status over the life course, marital status changes, socioeconomic background characteristics, and geographic context. The 1990 wave of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) (both the response and nonresponse files) will be analyzed. The PSID contains longitudinal data on a wide variety of social, demographic, and economic variables, and will be used to track older individuals as they age. The first objective is to document the differences in income sources and poverty experiences of men and women in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Kaplan-Meier survivor functions for poverty transitions will be estimated and utilized to generate distributions of poverty spells by gender and residence. The second objective is to use pooled person-year records to estimate logistic regression models predicting the likelihood of being poor, paying special attention to the impact of work history, marital status and metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan residence. The third objective is to identify aspects of work history, life course transitions, individual characteristics, and geographic context that influence the rates at which men and women enter and exit poverty. Discrete-time methods will be employed to estimate competing risks event history models with fixed and time-varying covariates. It is hypothesized that metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas have different opportunity structures and employment conditions that, when accumulated over the life course, culminate in nonmetropolitan elderly persons having (1) more and longer spells of poverty; (2) a higher likelihood of being poor at some time during old age; and (3) higher rates of transition into poverty and lower rates of transition out of poverty, when compared with metropolitan elderly men and women. Ultimately, this research will assess the usefulness of a life course perspective that focuses on work history and marital status for understanding the economic well-being of elderly men and women, and will remedy an absence of concern in the literature for the effects of geographic context in shaping economic prospects in old age. It provides an opportunity to determine whether life course experiences alone are enough to explain differences in well-being, or whether life experiences must be placed within a geographic context to full understand to processes and conditions that place elderly men and women at risk of being poor. GRANT-R01AI34154 Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes severe complications in immune-suppressed or -compromised individuals. Particularly affected among the adult population are AIDS patients as well as patients undergoing immune-suppressive therapy after organ transplantation. In addition, HCMV can cross the placenta and infect the fetus in utero leading to congeni...