This Developing and Testing Innovations project will continue the development of a nonvisual interface for the Scratch educational programming environment. Drag-and-drop programming environments like Scratch have done much to lower the barrier to learning and increase engagement for a variety of students. Such resources support K-12 students' exploration and preparation for careers in computer science, and in many other science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields that require programming skills. This project will continue the development of a tangible, nonvisual programming interface to allow blind and visually impaired (BVI) students to fully and independently participate in the same Scratch learning opportunities as their sighted peers. A key component of the approach is to translate visual aspects of Scratch into the haptic domain, focusing specifically on elements known to increase engagement and lower hurdles to learning programming and taking into account the differences in how the haptic and visual sensory systems process information. In addition, resources will be developed for teachers who may have students using the nonvisual interface alongside those using the visual interface for Scratch, including provision of some best practices. The goals of the project are threefold. First, the project will continue to develop the nonvisual interface for Scratch through a) using user feedback and observations of a two-day programming camp for BVI middle sch