Catalyst materials that speed up chemical reactions play a critical role in the production of energy and chemicals. The catalyst can change during this process, as metal atoms rearrange on the nanoscale, forming new structures with distinct properties and performance. Manipulating such changes could lead to improved materials for industrial reactions, but research progress has been limited by a lack of general principles to understand and control catalyst dynamics. To address this challenge, researchers will integrate advanced computer modeling, accelerated by artificial intelligence and machine learning, with experimental tools to study how catalyst structures evolve during reactions. This workflow enables efficient screening of a wide range of materials to accelerate the discovery and design of more effective catalysts by controlling their dynamics. Specifically, the project will study ammonia fertilizer production, which supports global food supply but is highly energy-intensive (~2% of annual global energy consumption goes to this process), to guide the design of new energy-efficient catalysts. The project will also study how ammonia can be used as an energy carrier through cracking to hydrogen over earth-abundant catalysts. Interdisciplinary training of graduate students in state-of-the-art computer modeling and experimental methods, combined with educational outreach efforts to K-12 students, will prepare students to become leaders in catalytic materials design. This