Human communication has traditionally been dependent on sensory systems such as seeing, hearing, and/or touch, but words and symbols that are available to senders and are understood by receivers still limit most current communicative methods, even when they include non-verbal content. Brain-to-brain interface (B2BI) is an emerging technology that combines sensing the brain (brain-computer interface, or BCI) and stimulating the brain (computer-brain interface, or CBI) to enable communication between two brains directly through their neural activities. A BCI (for example electroencephalography- or EEG-based motor-imagery or MI BCI) reads a sender’s brain activity and dispatches information to a CBI (for example, via transcranial magnetic stimulation), which activates a receiving brain, thereby facilitating direct brain-to-brain communication. Since its proof of concept in 2013, B2BI has been demonstrated in both animal models and human subjects where the same or different brain regions are recorded and stimulated in a variety of interesting contexts. Despite exciting advances in B2BI, there are still major gaps and barriers that need to be addressed, including but not limited to the lack of B2BI that work directly with neural information instead of indirectly through computer interpretation. The intellectual merit of the project lies in its innovative and integrative approach to developing an emergent neural interface technology that enables an individual’s brain to communicate