Every citation, order, and safeguard issued by an MSHA inspector since 2000 — 3,073,443 records, of which 812,125 are flagged Significant & Substantial (S&S). Total proposed penalties: $1.81 billion. Names the controller, violator (operator or contractor), mine, the exact rule cited (e.g. 30 CFR 75.400 — accumulation of combustible materials), likelihood of injury, negligence level, whether the operator contested, and the dollar amount actually paid vs. proposed. The S&S flag is the single best leading indicator of fatal-accident risk; the Upper Big Branch disaster was preceded by hundreds of contested S&S citations Massey didn't correct.
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